There are several different types of windows and these types are usually defined by the way in which they open and close. Here are a few.
Casement Windows
Casement windows open and close on hinges which may be set either along the top edge or along the sides the windows used to fill the frame.
Image by Gerhard Gellinger from Pixabay
Hopper Windows
Hopper windows open and close on side placed hinges. There may be one or two windows filling the frame. The window above is a hopper window.
Awning Windows
Awning windows open and close on hinges placed along the top edge of the window. There is only one window used in the frame.
Sash Windows
Sash windows slide in a track either vertically or horizontally. The vertically sliding versions usually have pulley systems set into the side of the frame to assist with lifting the weight of the window. Some very early versions from the 1800's have no pulleys and require a stopper of some kind to keep the window in the open position.
Image by robertcg from Pixabay
